effect of educating about common changes in pregnancy period and the way to cope with them on marital satisfaction of pregnant women

Physical and emotional changes during pregnancy, could lead to family arguments and violence which may cause untimely delivery, premature neonate, and post partum depression. This study was performed to determine the effect of educating about common changes of pregnancy period and coping with them on marital satisfaction of pregnant women referring to health centers of Shahrbabak. This quasi-experimental study was performed using one group design, with pre and post tests. Data was gathered by Enriching, Relationship, Issues, Communication and Happiness [ENRICH] question-naire from 112 pregnant women who met the entrance criteria and were selected by random stratified sampling method from three health centers. The intervention was as introducing an educational pamphlet. The marital satisfaction was evaluated before and one month after intervention. Then, the data was analyzed using descriptive statistics indices, Wilcoxon, t-test, Mann Whitney U test, ANOVA, and Kruskal Wallis test. Comparing the mean scores demonstrated a significant enhancement after receiving information, so that the marital satisfaction score increased from 168.8 +/- 28 into 187.3 +/- 18.2 points. In comparing the mean differences based on variables of gravidity, gestational age, employment status of pregnant woman and her spouse, beauty concerns, and enjoying familial support also a significant difference was observed. The results of this study signify the necessity of couples' awareness about common changes during pregnancy period. Hence, by doing so, health providers can play an active role in increasing marital satisfaction

[Attitude of Kerman Universities male students toward cigarettes]

In this descriptive cross-sectional study, the attitude of Kerman universities male students toward cigarettes and its relation to their demographic, social, and family variables were evaluated. 558 male students of Kerman universities were selected through random-cluster sampling and 460 of them who responded completely to the questionnaires were evaluated. Data were collected via an researcher-constructed questionnaire and then analyzed by descriptive-statistical methods and Kruskal-Wallis statistical test. The assessed attitude scores ranged between 29 and 117. The mean scores per attitude statement fluctuated between 0.7 and 1.5. Amongst the 29 attitude statements, the highest mean score [3.43] was related to the statement [Easy access to cigarettes is a reason for smoking]. After that, the following statements placed second and third respectively: [Non-smokers too experience much of harmful consequences of cigarette smoking] [3.41] and [Rather than prohibiting cigarettes, it is better to reduce its harmful effects] [2.65]. This appraisal yielded a significant difference between the respondents in the variables: level of education, purchasing cigarettes for parents, and believing in harmfulness of cigarettes to health. There was not a significant difference observed in the variables: father's occupation, father's level of education, mother's level of education, and mother's smoking. The variables [friend's smoking] and [friends encouraging to smoke] too indicated significant statistical difference. There was not a significant difference found regarding the place of education [university], age, mother's occupation, father's smoking, siblings' smoking, the number of smoking professors, age and place of smoking the first cigarette, and reasons for smoking. Some of the students' demographic specifics are related to their attitude toward cigarette smoking